1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
The 14th point called for the creation of any international organization to adress diplomatic crises like those had sparked the war. This League of Nations would provide a forum for the nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
The teaty barred Germany from maintaining an army. It also required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations amounting to 33billion dollars to the allies. And doing this caused weakening the ability to have peace in Euroup.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
The weaknesses of the teaty were that it weakened the ability of the Treaty of Versailles to prove a lasting peace in Euroyp. And so many flaws in the treated sowed the seeds of postar international problems that it would lead to the second world war.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He was suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggression.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
He refused to compromise with the treaty, he said, " I will not play for position, This is not a time for tactics. It is a time to stand square. I can stand defeat; I can not stand retreat from conscientious duty." and the Senate rejected the Lodge amendments.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
Many Germans were upset about the war and how many people died. Also, the Treaty of Versailles had settled nothing for them.
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
George Clemenceau was a French premier
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
David Lloyd George was the British prime minister
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
Central powers did not participate in the peace conference, neither did Russia.
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Thursday, December 10, 2009
WWI-The war at home
What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board-The board encouraged companies to use mass production techniques and urged them to eleminate waste.
2. Railroad Administration- Northerners manufactures sent recruiting agents to distribute free railroad passes through the south.
3. Fuel Administration-Man work places shut down, telephone serive was cut in half, and factories and offices staggered workiong hours to avoid contagion.
4. National War Labor Board-Helped improve labor conditions, it pushed for 8 hour work days, saftey inspections, and enforced child labor ban. "Work of Fight" is what the board would tell the workers.
5. Food Administration-America was doing there best to eliminate food for two days of the week for everyone(even in resturants) which helped the allies get more food.
6. Committee on Public Information-Influenced peoples thoughts and actions. Shown by pictures, cartoons, posters, sculptures.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts-a person could be fined up to 10,000 dollars and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfeering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch created MIB and was a buissness man when George Creel created picture and more to promote the war by propoganda.
1. War Industries Board-The board encouraged companies to use mass production techniques and urged them to eleminate waste.
2. Railroad Administration- Northerners manufactures sent recruiting agents to distribute free railroad passes through the south.
3. Fuel Administration-Man work places shut down, telephone serive was cut in half, and factories and offices staggered workiong hours to avoid contagion.
4. National War Labor Board-Helped improve labor conditions, it pushed for 8 hour work days, saftey inspections, and enforced child labor ban. "Work of Fight" is what the board would tell the workers.
5. Food Administration-America was doing there best to eliminate food for two days of the week for everyone(even in resturants) which helped the allies get more food.
6. Committee on Public Information-Influenced peoples thoughts and actions. Shown by pictures, cartoons, posters, sculptures.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts-a person could be fined up to 10,000 dollars and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfeering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch created MIB and was a buissness man when George Creel created picture and more to promote the war by propoganda.
Wednesday, December 2, 2009
The U.S enters World War I
1. How did the United States raise an army?
Congress passed a law called the Selective Service Act and it was a law stating that men were required to sign up to be randomly selected to go into the war.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
The U.S. soldiers helped win the war by training 17 hours a day, and their freshness and enthusiasm.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
The estimated economical cost of the war was 338 million dollars.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
There were many deaths in the war. The united states lost 48,000 died in battle, 61,000 dieing from disease, and more then 200000 were wounded. In all 22 million, more then half were civilians, died. 20 million people wounded, and 10 million became refugees. Many people died and this was a start of a new time, but because of the death of people, and the war, many things were different.
5. Define armistice.
Armistice is a truce, that ended the war.
Congress passed a law called the Selective Service Act and it was a law stating that men were required to sign up to be randomly selected to go into the war.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
The U.S. soldiers helped win the war by training 17 hours a day, and their freshness and enthusiasm.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
The estimated economical cost of the war was 338 million dollars.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
There were many deaths in the war. The united states lost 48,000 died in battle, 61,000 dieing from disease, and more then 200000 were wounded. In all 22 million, more then half were civilians, died. 20 million people wounded, and 10 million became refugees. Many people died and this was a start of a new time, but because of the death of people, and the war, many things were different.
5. Define armistice.
Armistice is a truce, that ended the war.
Monday, November 30, 2009
World War 1 begins
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
Nationalism-Many ethnic groups wanted there nations to become independent and looked at bigger nations for protection.
Imperialism-empires slowly extending their economical and political control over the world. Germany was competing with France and Great Britain for colonies.
Militarism-Because of nationalism and imperialism more military spending.
Formation of a system of alliances- the allies provided international security becuase nations were reluctlant to disturb the balance of powers.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
This became the spark for WWI because nothing had happened before this and then a member austira-hungary. Also, it was an excuse for Austria-Hungary to fight.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
60,000 casualties alone on the first day, many people were dieing. More and more areas were becoming invloved with the war also.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The war was not threaten american property or lives.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Pacifists thought U.S should set a example of peace, parents did not want their children to go to war and experience the warfare, socialists criticized the war as a capitalist and imperialistic struggle, naturalized citizens followed the war closely becuase they still had ties from the nations they had emigrated from.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany was not happy with Britian becuase they were blocking food and fertilization and they responded with a counterblockade by U-Boats. The U.S protested becuase two of their men had been drownded by the U-Boats.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
What forced the United States into the war was to ensure allied repayment of debts to the united states and to prevent the Germans from threatening u.s shipping. Also, since the Germans ignored wilsons call for peace, that meant the United States had to go to war.
Nationalism-Many ethnic groups wanted there nations to become independent and looked at bigger nations for protection.
Imperialism-empires slowly extending their economical and political control over the world. Germany was competing with France and Great Britain for colonies.
Militarism-Because of nationalism and imperialism more military spending.
Formation of a system of alliances- the allies provided international security becuase nations were reluctlant to disturb the balance of powers.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
This became the spark for WWI because nothing had happened before this and then a member austira-hungary. Also, it was an excuse for Austria-Hungary to fight.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
60,000 casualties alone on the first day, many people were dieing. More and more areas were becoming invloved with the war also.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The war was not threaten american property or lives.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Pacifists thought U.S should set a example of peace, parents did not want their children to go to war and experience the warfare, socialists criticized the war as a capitalist and imperialistic struggle, naturalized citizens followed the war closely becuase they still had ties from the nations they had emigrated from.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany was not happy with Britian becuase they were blocking food and fertilization and they responded with a counterblockade by U-Boats. The U.S protested becuase two of their men had been drownded by the U-Boats.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
What forced the United States into the war was to ensure allied repayment of debts to the united states and to prevent the Germans from threatening u.s shipping. Also, since the Germans ignored wilsons call for peace, that meant the United States had to go to war.
Monday, November 16, 2009
America as a World Power
1. What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War?
President Roosevelt played a big role in ending the Russo-japanese war because he ended the war by making a peace treaty.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
Many people thought having a canal that crossed through Central America would be good for ships cutting across and it would reduce time. Columbia owned the panama canal so the US had to pay 10 million plus a annual rent of 250,000.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
The Corollary stated that " the united states would now use force to protect its economical interest in latin america."
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Corollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
Taft used Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Corollary because the dollar diplomacy was a policy that guaranteed loans made to foreign countries.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
Woodrow Wilson invaded Mexico because Huerta's officers arrested a group of American sailors in Tampico. Wilson found this as a good excuse and invaded.
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
Three major foreign policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century was..
President Roosevelt played a big role in ending the Russo-japanese war because he ended the war by making a peace treaty.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
Many people thought having a canal that crossed through Central America would be good for ships cutting across and it would reduce time. Columbia owned the panama canal so the US had to pay 10 million plus a annual rent of 250,000.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
The Corollary stated that " the united states would now use force to protect its economical interest in latin america."
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Corollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
Taft used Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Corollary because the dollar diplomacy was a policy that guaranteed loans made to foreign countries.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
Woodrow Wilson invaded Mexico because Huerta's officers arrested a group of American sailors in Tampico. Wilson found this as a good excuse and invaded.
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
Three major foreign policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century was..
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Imperialism's Bitter Fruit
1. a. After the Spanish were forced out of the Philippines, why did fighting break out between American and Filipino forces?
-After the Spanish were forced out of the Phillippines, fighting broke out between American and Filipino forces becuase U.S troops had orders to establish control over the island and the Filipinos thought that they would have independence. They were fighting for their independence.
b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
This was a different kind of warfare for American forces becuase U.S. soldiers faced a quick- striking guerilla attack instead of confrontation by an organized army. War rules used by Western nations were ignored and both sides tortured and executed prisoners and commited other atrocities. The Filipino insurgents also blended very well into the civilian population. U.S. commanders routinely punished random civilians in reponse to attacks by Filipino guerillas.
2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
The military was racist towards the Filipinos. They refereed to them as "niggers". Black soldiers were also treated the same way as the filipinos.Filipinos kept this to their advantages and adressed the situations.
3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.
a.American scholars warned imperialism increases war and conflict around the world.
b.The American public became apathedic towards the issue and teddy roosevelt also stated that he didnt think we were ready to take on the burden of another empire.
4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
American technology and administrative expertise contibuted to rapid development on the islands. Roads and telegraph lines were built, finances reorganized, schools opened, sanitation improved, and yellow fever stamped out.
5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:
a.gave the United Sates a right to oversee the Cuban economy
b.excercise veto power over cuban foreign policy
c.intervane whenever necessary "for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty."
d.Allowed to build naval bases on tghe southeastern tip of the island at Guantanomo Bay.
Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
I dont believe the United States was justified in making these demands beause they said this is what the cubans had to pay for ending U.S Military occupations on their island and also United States said after the Spanish left America they would not control their island and they did.
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?
I do believe the United States was imperialistic. They were taking over Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Hawiia, and the Phillipines. Taking over these nations showed that united states wanted to expand which goes against what was wanted in the past. They were taking other peoples freedom even though united states is all about freedom.
-After the Spanish were forced out of the Phillippines, fighting broke out between American and Filipino forces becuase U.S troops had orders to establish control over the island and the Filipinos thought that they would have independence. They were fighting for their independence.
b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
This was a different kind of warfare for American forces becuase U.S. soldiers faced a quick- striking guerilla attack instead of confrontation by an organized army. War rules used by Western nations were ignored and both sides tortured and executed prisoners and commited other atrocities. The Filipino insurgents also blended very well into the civilian population. U.S. commanders routinely punished random civilians in reponse to attacks by Filipino guerillas.
2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
The military was racist towards the Filipinos. They refereed to them as "niggers". Black soldiers were also treated the same way as the filipinos.Filipinos kept this to their advantages and adressed the situations.
3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.
a.American scholars warned imperialism increases war and conflict around the world.
b.The American public became apathedic towards the issue and teddy roosevelt also stated that he didnt think we were ready to take on the burden of another empire.
4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
American technology and administrative expertise contibuted to rapid development on the islands. Roads and telegraph lines were built, finances reorganized, schools opened, sanitation improved, and yellow fever stamped out.
5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:
a.gave the United Sates a right to oversee the Cuban economy
b.excercise veto power over cuban foreign policy
c.intervane whenever necessary "for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty."
d.Allowed to build naval bases on tghe southeastern tip of the island at Guantanomo Bay.
Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
I dont believe the United States was justified in making these demands beause they said this is what the cubans had to pay for ending U.S Military occupations on their island and also United States said after the Spanish left America they would not control their island and they did.
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?
I do believe the United States was imperialistic. They were taking over Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Hawiia, and the Phillipines. Taking over these nations showed that united states wanted to expand which goes against what was wanted in the past. They were taking other peoples freedom even though united states is all about freedom.
Friday, October 30, 2009
Spanish American War
1. What connections did the U.S. have to Cuba in the late 1800s? List at least two.
-Neither of U.S or Cuba liked spain.
-Cuba had alot of sugar plantations and the united states wanted sugar trade to be less to buy in the United States.
2. What were the Spanish “reconcentration camps”?
-Reconcentration camps were towns policed by spanish troops. These camps lacked food, housing, and sanitation. Diseas took a terrible toll, killing thousands.
3. List three reasons why the United States went to war with Spain in Cuba.
a. They sunk the U.S.S Maine
b.They owned alot of territories which ment if they one they would increas the lucratice trade with asia.
c.Increase economic strength for the united states
4. Which do you believe was the most important reason? Why?
I believe that owning territories is the most important reason becuase if the U.S won they would get more trade, more people, and U.S would be bigger and the world would start to become more united like the united states wants.
5. What did the Teller Amendment say?
The Teller Amendment said that the United States had no interest in asserting "sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control" over Cuba and promised to "leave the government and control of the island to its people" once peasce was restored.
6. Why was a portion of the Spanish-American War fought in the Philippines?
A portion of the Spanish-American War was fought in the phillippines becuase Spain ownened the Philippines.
7. Dewey’s victory in the ______triumph___________ sparked an outpouring of ____pride_____________ in the United States.
8. Why did Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders want to fight in Cuba?
Teddy Roosevely wanted to fight in Cuba becuase he resigned from McKinley administration to form a cavalry regiment. The rough riders were volunteers showing their strength as people.
9. a. Why were many African-Americans eager to serve in the Spanish-American War?
Many African-Americans were eager to serve in the Spanish-American war becuase they wanted to show that they were strong and they wanted a opportunity to elevate the status of blacks in the united states.
b. What forms of discrimination and prejudice did they encounter?
Forms of discrimination and prejudice they encoutered were being denied promonation into the officer corps, and also many soldiers thought that that black soldiers were better suited to Cubas tropical climate and more likely to withstand tropical diseases
10. How did racism influence American perceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? Give two examples of events where racism affected U.S. policy after the war.
a.United states ignored the cuban rebels becuase they were black and needed guidance.
b. William Howard Taft wrote that the Filipinos were "little brown brothers."
-Neither of U.S or Cuba liked spain.
-Cuba had alot of sugar plantations and the united states wanted sugar trade to be less to buy in the United States.
2. What were the Spanish “reconcentration camps”?
-Reconcentration camps were towns policed by spanish troops. These camps lacked food, housing, and sanitation. Diseas took a terrible toll, killing thousands.
3. List three reasons why the United States went to war with Spain in Cuba.
a. They sunk the U.S.S Maine
b.They owned alot of territories which ment if they one they would increas the lucratice trade with asia.
c.Increase economic strength for the united states
4. Which do you believe was the most important reason? Why?
I believe that owning territories is the most important reason becuase if the U.S won they would get more trade, more people, and U.S would be bigger and the world would start to become more united like the united states wants.
5. What did the Teller Amendment say?
The Teller Amendment said that the United States had no interest in asserting "sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control" over Cuba and promised to "leave the government and control of the island to its people" once peasce was restored.
6. Why was a portion of the Spanish-American War fought in the Philippines?
A portion of the Spanish-American War was fought in the phillippines becuase Spain ownened the Philippines.
7. Dewey’s victory in the ______triumph___________ sparked an outpouring of ____pride_____________ in the United States.
8. Why did Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders want to fight in Cuba?
Teddy Roosevely wanted to fight in Cuba becuase he resigned from McKinley administration to form a cavalry regiment. The rough riders were volunteers showing their strength as people.
9. a. Why were many African-Americans eager to serve in the Spanish-American War?
Many African-Americans were eager to serve in the Spanish-American war becuase they wanted to show that they were strong and they wanted a opportunity to elevate the status of blacks in the united states.
b. What forms of discrimination and prejudice did they encounter?
Forms of discrimination and prejudice they encoutered were being denied promonation into the officer corps, and also many soldiers thought that that black soldiers were better suited to Cubas tropical climate and more likely to withstand tropical diseases
10. How did racism influence American perceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? Give two examples of events where racism affected U.S. policy after the war.
a.United states ignored the cuban rebels becuase they were black and needed guidance.
b. William Howard Taft wrote that the Filipinos were "little brown brothers."
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